Updated at: 28-09-2023 - By: petstutorial

Pufferfish are fascinating creatures that have captured the attention of many with their unique ability to puff up when threatened. These fish are not only intriguing but also adorable, with their large eyes and diverse range of colors and patterns.

In this article, we will explore 15 types of freshwater and saltwater pufferfish, ranging in size from just over an inch to several feet in length.

15 Types Of Freshwater And Saltwater Pufferfish

Congo Pufferfish

The Congo Pufferfish, also known as the Potato Puffer or Tetraodon miurus, is a freshwater pufferfish found in areas of the Congo River in Africa, including rapids. This medium-sized pufferfish can grow to a mature size of approximately 15 centimeters (6 inches).

The T. miurus populations in the wild are still healthy in suitable habitats, and it is considered “Least Concern” by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN).

Congo Pufferfish are known for their unique ability to adapt their coloration to hide from potential prey. While they are generally inactive, spending most of their time buried in sand or other substrate, they can display various color variations, ranging from black to sandy to bright red. However, they will not change to blue, but if in a dark substrate, they will generally become darker in color.

In the aquarium, Congo Pufferfish require specific care to thrive. They prefer large rivers and can sometimes be found in areas of considerable flow, including rapids.

It is essential to provide them with a suitable environment that mimics their natural habitat, including appropriate substrate and hiding places.

These pufferfish are carnivorous and should be fed a varied diet consisting of live and frozen foods, such as bloodworms, brine shrimp, and small crustaceans.

It is important to note that Congo Pufferfish have a beak-like mouth and strong jaws, which they use to crush and eat their prey. Therefore, it is recommended to provide them with hard-shelled foods, such as snails or mussels, to help maintain their dental health.

Overall, the Congo Pufferfish is a fascinating and unique species that can be a captivating addition to a well-maintained aquarium. However, they require specific care and conditions to thrive, so it is essential to research their needs thoroughly before considering them as pets.

Dwarf Pea Pufferfish

The Dwarf Pea Pufferfish, also known as the Pea Puffer, Pygmy Puffer, or Carinotetraodon travancoricus, is a small freshwater pufferfish endemic to Kerala and southern Karnataka in Southwest India.

These tiny pufferfish are popular in aquariums due to their bright colors and small size, reaching a maximum length of 3.5 centimeters (1.4 inches). They closely resemble the related Carinotetraodon imitator, and the two species can be difficult to distinguish.

In the wild, Dwarf Pea Pufferfish inhabit the bottom of heavily vegetated waterways, preying on small invertebrates. In the aquarium, they are best suited for nano or planted tanks, where they can exhibit their distinctive and interactive personalities.

These pufferfish are known for their helicopter-like maneuverability, independently moving eyes, and the ability to inflate like tiny water balloons.

When caring for Dwarf Pea Pufferfish, it is important to provide them with a well-maintained freshwater environment. They are best kept in small groups or as a single specimen, as they can be territorial and aggressive towards their own kind.

These pufferfish are not suitable for community tanks, as they may nip at the fins of other fish or become targets of aggression from larger tankmates.

Feeding Dwarf Pea Pufferfish a varied diet is crucial for their health and well-being. They are carnivorous and should be offered a combination of live and frozen foods, such as bloodworms, brine shrimp, and small crustaceans.

It is recommended to provide them with hard-shelled foods, like snails or mussels, to help maintain their dental health.

Overall, Dwarf Pea Pufferfish are fascinating and unique additions to well-maintained aquariums. Their small size, vibrant colors, and interactive behaviors make them a favorite among fish enthusiasts, especially those with a preference for smaller tanks or planted setups.

Red-Eyed Pufferfish

The Red-Eyed Pufferfish, also known as the Red Eye Red-Tail Puffer, Red-Eye Puffer, or Carinotetraodon irrubesco, is a small and uncommon freshwater pufferfish species.

Endemic to Indonesia, these pufferfish are famous for their vibrant red eyes and tails, which have earned them their various common names. They are found in the lower Banyuasin basin in South Sumatra and the Sambas River in West Kalimantan.

In the wild, Red-Eyed Pufferfish inhabit murky and acidic waters, often among submerged vegetation, alongside other fish species such as rasboras, pipefish, halfbeaks, and gobies. They have a maximum size of approximately 4.5 centimeters (1.77 inches), making them a popular choice for small aquariums.

When caring for Red-Eyed Pufferfish, it is important to provide them with a well-maintained freshwater environment. They are relatively peaceful compared to other pufferfish species, but they may still nip at the fins of tankmates or harass slower-moving fish.

The recommended water parameters for these pufferfish include a pH range of 6.0-7.5, a temperature range of 76-82°F, and ammonia, nitrite, and nitrate levels of 0ppm, 0ppm, and <30ppm, respectively.

Feeding Red-Eyed Pufferfish a varied diet is crucial for their health and well-being. They are micropredators and carnivores, primarily feeding on mollusks, insects, and insect larvae in the wild.

In the aquarium, they should be offered a combination of live and frozen foods, such as bloodworms, brine shrimp, and small crustaceans. Providing them with hard-shelled foods, like snails or mussels, can help maintain their dental health.

Overall, Red-Eyed Pufferfish are fascinating and unique additions to well-maintained aquariums. Their vibrant red eyes and tails, along with their small size, make them a favorite among fish enthusiasts looking to add a touch of color to their setups.

Fahaka Pufferfish

The Fahaka Pufferfish, also known as the Nile Puffer, Globe Fish, or Lineatus Puffer, is a tropical freshwater pufferfish found in the upper Nile, Chad, Senegal, Gambia, Geba, Volta, and Turkana basins in West, Northeast, and East Africa.

Here are some key characteristics and care tips for this unique species:

– Size: Fahaka Pufferfish can reach up to 43 centimeters (1.4 feet) in length, making them a medium-large pufferfish species.
– Habitat: They are typically found in large rivers, open water, weed beds, and vegetated fringes.
– Inflation and Toxin: Like many puffers, Fahaka Pufferfish have the ability to inflate when threatened and carry the toxin tetrodotoxin.
– Diet: Fahaka Pufferfish are molluscivores and feed mainly on benthic organisms, which may include freshwater mussels and snails.
– Tank Size: Due to their size and intelligence, Fahaka Pufferfish require a large aquarium with a complex and enriching scape design.
– Water Parameters: They prefer a water temperature of around 75°F to 82°F and are sensitive to soft water.
– Intelligence and Interaction: Fahaka Pufferfish are known for their intelligence and can even be taught to take food from your hand, making them an interesting and interactive pet.

When considering tankmates for Fahaka Pufferfish, it is important to note that they can be aggressive, especially towards other pufferfish and fish with long fins.

Some fishkeepers choose to keep them as solitary pets, while others have had success with carefully selected tankmates, such as large, fast-swimming fish that can hold their own against the puffer’s occasional aggression.

Overall, the Fahaka Pufferfish is a fascinating and unique species that requires specific care and attention. With the right setup and proper maintenance, they can make a rewarding addition to a dedicated fish enthusiast’s aquarium.

Amazon Puffer

The Amazon Puffer, also known as the South American Puffer (SAP), Peruvian Puffer, or Colomesus asellus, is a small and popular freshwater pufferfish species. Here are some key characteristics and care tips for this unique species:

– Size: The Amazon Puffer grows to a maximum length of 3 inches (7.6 cm), making it a suitable choice for smaller aquariums.
– Habitat: These pufferfish are found throughout the Amazon, Essequibo, and Orinoco basins in tropical South America, inhabiting various types of habitats, including floodplains and rivers.
– Appearance: The Amazon Puffer has a golden yellow body with splotchy, dark bands, resembling a bumblebee pattern. It has a white underbelly with a black spot near the base of its tail.
– Tankmates: Unlike many other pufferfish species, the Amazon Puffer is relatively peaceful and can be kept with other fish in a community tank.
– Water Parameters: They prefer a water temperature of around 75°F to 82°F and are sensitive to soft water.
– Feeding: Amazon Puffers are omnivorous and should be offered a varied diet of small live and frozen foods, such as bloodworms, brine shrimp, and daphnia, as well as high-quality pellets and flakes.
– Tank Size: A 20-gallon tank is sufficient for a small group of Amazon Puffers, with additional space needed for larger groups or if other fish are present.

When caring for Amazon Puffers, it is important to provide them with a well-maintained freshwater environment and a balanced diet. They are known for their intelligence and can be a fascinating addition to a community aquarium. With proper care and attention, these unique pufferfish can thrive and bring joy to their owners.

Figure Eight Pufferfish

The Figure Eight Pufferfish, also known as the Eyespot Puffer or Tetraodon biocellatus, is a small and colorful freshwater pufferfish species found in Southeast Asia.

Here are some key characteristics and care tips for this unique species:

– Size: Figure Eight Puffers reach a maximum size of about 3 inches (7.6 cm) in total length, making them relatively small for pufferfish.
– Habitat: They are known to inhabit the lower reaches of the Mekong River in Cambodia, Peninsular Malaysia, and Borneo (Sarawak and Kalimantan).
– Appearance: These pufferfish have greenish-yellow patterns on their backs, with markings on either side of the caudal fin resembling the number eight or eye-spots, which earned them their common names.
– Tank Size: A 15-gallon tank is sufficient for a single Figure Eight Puffer, making them suitable for smaller aquariums.
– Water Parameters: They prefer a water temperature of around 75°F to 82°F and are sensitive to soft water.
– Feeding: Figure Eight Puffers are carnivorous and should be offered a diet of small live and frozen foods, such as bloodworms, brine shrimp, and daphnia, as well as high-quality pellets and flakes.
– Personality: These pufferfish are known for their exciting and entertaining personalities, making them a popular choice among fish enthusiasts.

When caring for Figure Eight Puffers, it is important to provide them with a well-maintained freshwater environment and a balanced diet. They are relatively peaceful compared to other pufferfish species, but they may still nip at the fins of tankmates or harass slower-moving fish. With proper care and attention, these unique pufferfish can thrive and bring joy to their owners.

Spotted Congo Pufferfish

The Spotted Congo Pufferfish, also known as Tetraodon schoutedeni, is a small and unique freshwater pufferfish species. Here are some key characteristics and care tips for this fascinating fish:

– Size: Spotted Congo Puffers can reach a maximum size of about 4 inches (10 cm), making them relatively small for pufferfish.
– Habitat: They are native to the Congo River Basin in Central Africa, where they inhabit slow-moving rivers and streams with dense vegetation.
– Appearance: These pufferfish have a dark brown to black body with distinctive white spots, which give them their common name.
– Tank Size: Spotted Congo Puffers require a good-sized, mature aquarium with a soft, sandy substrate and plenty of caves and crevices to hide between.
– Water Parameters: They prefer a water temperature of around 75°F to 82°F and are sensitive to soft water.
– Feeding: Spotted Congo Puffers are carnivorous and should be offered a diet of at least 50% snails and 50% insects, worms, and foods such as Repashy. Live ghost shrimp can also be a good starter food for them.
– Personality: These pufferfish are known for their interesting hunting behaviors and the ability to change colors based on their surroundings, much like a chameleon.

When caring for Spotted Congo Puffers, it is important to provide them with a well-maintained freshwater environment and a balanced diet. They are relatively peaceful compared to other pufferfish species, but they may still nip at the fins of tankmates or harass slower-moving fish. With proper care and attention, these unique pufferfish can thrive and bring joy to their owners.

Green Spotted Pufferfish

The Green Spotted Pufferfish, also known as Tetraodon nigroviridis, is a fascinating and popular brackish water fish species originating from the mangroves of Southeast Asia. Here are some key characteristics and care tips for this unique fish:

– Size: Green Spotted Puffers can grow to be between 4 to 6 inches (10 to 15 cm) in length, making them a medium-sized fish.
– Habitat: In the wild, they are found in rivers and estuaries near the ocean, which is why they require brackish water conditions in aquariums.
– Appearance: These pufferfish have a distinctive green and black coloration, with small spots covering their bodies.
– Tank Size: Green Spotted Puffers require a spacious tank, as they are best maintained in species-only brackish aquaria. A 30-gallon tank is recommended for a single pufferfish, with an additional 10 gallons for each additional pufferfish.
– Water Parameters: They prefer a temperature range of 75°F to 82°F and a salinity level of 1.005 to 1.008.
– Feeding: Green Spotted Puffers are carnivorous and should be fed a diet consisting of hard-shelled foods, such as snails, shelled shrimp, mussels, clams, and oysters.
– Personality: These pufferfish are known for their interactive and entertaining behaviors, making them a favorite among fish enthusiasts.

When caring for Green Spotted Puffers, it is important to provide them with a well-maintained brackish water environment and a balanced diet.

They are relatively peaceful but may nip at the fins of tankmates or harass slower-moving fish. With proper care and attention, these unique pufferfish can thrive and bring joy to their owners.

Pea Pufferfish

The Pea Pufferfish, also known as Carinotetraodon travancoricus, Indian dwarf puffer, Malabar puffer, or pygmy puffer, is the smallest freshwater pufferfish in the world, originating from fully freshwater environments in the southwestern tip of India.

Here are some key characteristics and care tips for this unique and popular fish:

– Size: Pea Puffers are incredibly small, growing only up to 1 inch (2.5 cm) in length, making them a favorite among fish enthusiasts for their adorable size.
– Habitat: They are endemic to Kerala and southern Karnataka in Southwest India, dwelling at the bottom of heavily vegetated waterways.
– Appearance: These pufferfish have a round body shape and come in various colors, including green, yellow, and brown, with distinctive patterns and markings.
– Tank Size: Due to their small size, a 5-gallon tank is suitable for a single Pea Puffer, while a 10-gallon tank can accommodate a small group.
– Water Parameters: They prefer a temperature range of 77°F to 82°F and a pH level between 7.0 and 7.8.
– Feeding: Pea Puffers are carnivorous and should be fed a diet consisting of small live or frozen foods, such as bloodworms, brine shrimp, and daphnia.
– Personality: These pufferfish are known for their active and curious nature, often displaying helicopter-like maneuverability and independently moving eyes.

When caring for Pea Puffers, it is important to provide them with a well-maintained freshwater environment, a balanced diet, and plenty of hiding places, such as plants and caves, to mimic their natural habitat.

They can be territorial and may exhibit aggression towards tankmates, so it is best to keep them in a species-only or carefully selected community tank. With proper care and attention, these tiny pufferfish can thrive and bring joy to their owners.

Tobago Pufferfish

The Tobago Pufferfish, also known as the Masked Puffer or Arothron diadematus, is a species of pufferfish found in the Western Indian Ocean, specifically the Red Sea and the Indian Ocean. Here are some key characteristics and information about this unique fish:

– Size: Tobago Puffers can grow up to 20 inches (50 cm) in length, making them a relatively large pufferfish species.
– Habitat: They are commonly found in coral reefs and lagoons, often in pairs or small groups, and are known for their ability to inflate their bodies when threatened.
– Appearance: These pufferfish have a distinct black mask-like pattern on their face, which gives them their common name.
– Diet: Tobago Puffers are omnivorous, feeding on a variety of invertebrates, algae, and small fish in the wild.
– Behavior: They are generally peaceful but can become aggressive towards other pufferfish or fish with similar body shapes.
– Tank Size: Due to their large size, Tobago Puffers require a spacious aquarium with plenty of hiding places and open swimming areas.
– Water Parameters: They prefer a temperature range of 75°F to 82°F and a pH level between 8.1 and 8.4.

When caring for Tobago Puffers, it is important to provide them with a well-maintained saltwater environment, a balanced diet, and enough space to swim and explore.

They are not suitable for beginner aquarists due to their size and specific care requirements. With proper care and attention, these unique pufferfish can thrive and bring joy to their owners.

Porcupine Pufferfish

The Porcupine Pufferfish, also known as the Porcupinefish or Porcupine Puffer, is a species of medium-to-large fish belonging to the family Diodontidae from the order Tetraodontiformes. Here are some key characteristics and information about this unique fish:

– Size: Porcupine Puffers can grow up to 20 inches (50 cm) in length, depending on the species.
– Habitat: They are found in shallow temperate and tropical seas worldwide, often in coral reefs and lagoons.
– Appearance: These pufferfish have a round body shape covered in spiny appendages, which may vary in color and pattern depending on the species.
– Diet: Porcupine Puffers are omnivorous, feeding on a variety of invertebrates, crustaceans, and small fish in the wild.
– Behavior: They are generally slow-moving and have the ability to inflate their bodies by swallowing water or air, thereby becoming rounder as a defense mechanism.
– Tank Size: Due to their large size and specific care requirements, Porcupine Puffers are more suitable for experienced saltwater aquarium owners with spacious tanks.
– Water Parameters: They prefer a temperature range of 75°F to 82°F and a pH level between 8.1 and 8.4.

When caring for Porcupine Puffers, it is important to provide them with a well-maintained saltwater environment, a balanced diet, and enough space to swim and explore.

They are not suitable for beginner aquarists due to their size and specific care requirements. With proper care and attention, these unique pufferfish can thrive and bring joy to their owners.

Dogface Pufferfish

The Dogface Pufferfish, also known as the Blackspotted Puffer or Arothron nigropunctatus, is a tropical marine fish belonging to the family Tetraodontidae. Here are some key characteristics and information about this unique fish:

– Size: Dogface Puffers can grow up to 13 inches (33 cm) in length, making them a medium-sized pufferfish species.
– Habitat: They are found in the tropical waters of the Indian and Pacific Oceans, often in coral reefs and lagoons.
– Appearance: These pufferfish have an oval-shaped, spherical, and relatively elongated body with a variable background coloration, which can be grey, light brown, or yellow. They have a distinctive black-spotted pattern, giving them their common name.
– Diet: Dogface Puffers are omnivorous, feeding on a variety of invertebrates, crustaceans, and small fish in the wild.
– Behavior: They are generally peaceful and can be kept in a non-reef environment, making them suitable for community saltwater aquariums.
– Tank Size: Due to their size and specific care requirements, Dogface Puffers are more suitable for experienced saltwater aquarium owners with spacious tanks.
– Water Parameters: They prefer a temperature range of 75°F to 82°F and a pH level between 8.1 and 8.4.

When caring for Dogface Puffers, it is important to provide them with a well-maintained saltwater environment, a balanced diet, and enough space to swim and explore.

They are not suitable for beginner aquarists due to their size and specific care requirements. With proper care and attention, these unique pufferfish can thrive and bring joy to their owners.

Scribbled Arothron Pufferfish

The Scribbled Arothron Pufferfish, also known as the Map Puffer, Scribbled Pufferfish, or Kesho-fugu, is a demersal marine fish belonging to the family Tetraodontidae. Here are some key characteristics and information about this unique fish:

– Size: Scribbled Arothron Puffers can grow up to 20 inches (50 cm) in length, making them a medium-to-large-sized pufferfish species.
– Habitat: They are found in the tropical waters of the Indian and Pacific Oceans, often in coral reefs and lagoons.
– Appearance: These pufferfish have an oval-shaped body with a main color range from light tans to dark yellows, and a network of black “scribbles” covering the body, forming an intricate pattern. They have a distinctive black blotch surrounding the gill opening and pectoral fin base, with black lines radiating from the eyes.
– Diet: Scribbled Arothron Puffers are omnivorous, feeding on a variety of invertebrates, crustaceans, and small fish in the wild.
– Behavior: They are territorial and usually solitary, with a fun and interesting personality. They have a powerful bite, so great care should be taken when handling these fish.
– Tank Size: Due to their size and specific care requirements, Scribbled Arothron Puffers are more suitable for experienced saltwater aquarium owners with spacious tanks.
– Water Parameters: They prefer a temperature range of 75°F to 82°F and a pH level between 8.1 and 8.4.

When caring for Scribbled Arothron Puffers, it is important to provide them with a well-maintained saltwater environment, a balanced diet, and enough space to swim and explore.

They are not suitable for beginner aquarists due to their size and specific care requirements. With proper care and attention, these unique pufferfish can thrive and bring joy to their owners.

Valentini Pufferfish

The Valentini Pufferfish, also known as the Black Saddled Toby, Valentin’s Sharpnose Puffer, or Canthigaster valentini, is a demersal marine fish belonging to the family Tetraodontidae. Here are some key characteristics and information about this unique fish:

– Size: Valentini Puffers are small-sized fish that can grow up to 4.3 inches (11 cm) in length.
– Habitat: They are widely distributed throughout the tropical and subtropical waters of the Indian Ocean, including the Red Sea, and the oceanic islands of the Pacific Ocean. They inhabit rocky and coral reefs, lagoons, and external reefs up to a depth of 180 feet (55 m).
– Appearance: These pufferfish have a cream-colored body with a white belly, bright green and red eyes, and four distinct dark brown stripes (saddles) on their back. The head is blue-grey, and the main body is white speckled with blue-grey spots.
– Diet: Valentini Puffers are omnivorous, feeding on a variety of invertebrates, algae, and small crustaceans in the wild.
– Behavior: They are generally peaceful and can be kept in a reef or non-reef environment, making them suitable for community saltwater aquariums.
– Tank Size: Due to their small size and specific care requirements, Valentini Puffers can be kept in a minimum tank size of 30 gallons.
– Water Parameters: They prefer a temperature range of 72°F to 78°F, a salinity level between 1.020 and 1.025, and a pH level between 8.1 and 8.4.

When caring for Valentini Puffers, it is important to provide them with a well-maintained saltwater environment, a balanced diet, and enough space to swim and explore.

They are suitable for intermediate-level aquarists and can bring a unique and colorful addition to a saltwater aquarium. With proper care and attention, these fascinating pufferfish can thrive and become a highlight of your aquarium.

Blue Spotted Pufferfish

The Blue Spotted Pufferfish, also known as Arothron caeruleopunctatus, is a demersal marine fish belonging to the family Tetraodontidae. Here are some key characteristics and care information about this species:

– Appearance: The Blue Spotted Pufferfish has a primarily orange body covered in iridescent turquoise dots and horizontal, curvy stripes. Its body is oval-shaped, spherical, and relatively elongated, with a blue-grey background coloration and a whitish ventral part.

– Size: This species can grow up to 80 cm (31.5 inches) in length.

– Tank Size: A 50-gallon tank is recommended as a minimum for this species.

– Diet: Blue Spotted Pufferfish are carnivorous and require a diet consisting of various meaty frozen foods, such as brine shrimp, squid, mysis shrimp, and krill, to maintain optimal health and color.

– Toxin: The Blue Spotted Pufferfish produces a toxin known as tetradotoxin in its skin and viscera, which makes them unpalatable to most fish.

– Temperament: These pufferfish are generally peaceful, but they can become semi-aggressive, especially towards other pufferfish or fish with similar body shapes.

– Reef Compatibility: Blue Spotted Pufferfish are not reef-safe, as they may nip at corals and other invertebrates.

– Tank Setup: Provide plenty of hiding places with live rock and a sandy substrate for the pufferfish to burrow in.

– Acclimation: Blue Spotted Pufferfish can acclimate quickly to aquarium life, but they may become alarmed and “puff” slightly when caught with a net. It is best to transfer these fish using a plastic container.

FAQS

1. Can pufferfish live in freshwater?

While most pufferfish species are found in tropical and subtropical ocean waters, some can live in brackish and even freshwater environments. However, the selection of freshwater pufferfish is more limited, with about 80% of pufferfish species being at home in saltwater.

2. Are pufferfish poisonous?

Yes, pufferfish are known for their toxicity. Almost all pufferfish contain tetrodotoxin, a substance that makes them foul-tasting and often lethal to fish. To humans, tetrodotoxin is deadly, up to 1,200 times more poisonous than cyanide.

3. Can pufferfish inflate in freshwater?

Yes, pufferfish can inflate in both freshwater and saltwater. This transformation is a specialized defense mechanism that has evolved over many generations. The pufferfish takes in a large amount of water or air toward their stretchy stomachs, causing them to inflate to several times their average size.

4. What do pufferfish eat?

Pufferfish are carnivorous and require a diet consisting of various meaty frozen foods, such as brine shrimp, squid, mysis shrimp, and krill, to maintain optimal health and color.

5. Can pufferfish be kept in a community tank?

Most pufferfish do best in a species-only setup, although some can work in a carefully planned community tank with compatible tank mates.

6. How big do pufferfish get?

The size of pufferfish can vary depending on the species. Freshwater pufferfish range from tiny nano species to larger tank busters, while saltwater pufferfish can grow up to 3 feet in length.

7. Are pufferfish reef-safe?

Pufferfish are not reef-safe, as they may nip at corals and other invertebrates.

8. Do pufferfish need a specific tank setup?

Provide plenty of hiding places with live rock and a sandy substrate for pufferfish to burrow in. Additionally, a 50-gallon tank is recommended as a minimum for most pufferfish species.

9. How do you acclimate pufferfish to an aquarium?

Pufferfish can acclimate quickly to aquarium life, but they may become alarmed and “puff” slightly when caught with a net. It is best to transfer these fish using a plastic container.

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